![]() ![]() It outlines specifically how clearances are to be issued, and the order in which the individual elements are to be issued. For ATC, clearance order is formalized in FAA Order 7110.65 in Chapter 4-2-1 "Clearances". Other oddities include the use of the word 'niner' in place of the number 9 This is to distinguish from the number 5, which is pronouced "fife".Įnglish is also the accepted international language for use in flying and radio communications, but is only required for flights under instrument flight rules (IFR). The NATO phonetic alphabet will be used for individual letters to avoid confusion by both parties as many letters can sound similar on a garbled radio transmission. Right to 030, descend and maintain three thousand two hundred, expect vectors for runway three zero left, squawk six four one one and ident, Cessna one seven two Sierra Papa. The controller also tells the pilot to set his transponder to the code 6411 and ident, so the controller can verify his position.Īs a courtesy, and often requested or implied by controllers to verify the pilot in question heard the instructions and will comply, the pilot will read back the instruction in full to the controller, followed by his/her callsign. He should also expect further heading instructions for insertion into traffic for runway 30L at Grand Junction airport. Here the controller (Grand Junction approach) has advised Cessna 172SP to turn to a heading of 030 and to descend to 3,200 ft MSL. Expect vectors for runway three zero left. Descent and maintain three thousand two hundred. What they want you to do (instructions for the aircraft in question to follow)Ĭessna one seven two Sierra Papa, Grand Junction Approach, turn right to 030. ![]() Who they are (the name of the controlling agency).Who you are (the aircraft they are giving their instructions to).Here the pilot identifies himself as a Cessna with the identification N172SP, that he is five miles southwest of the ABC VORTAC at 5,500 ft MSL, and that he intends to land at Grand Junction airport and has the latest ATIS weather report for Grand Junction.ĪRTCC and other air traffic controllers will generally use the 3-Ws to communicate with you Grand Junction Approach, Cessna one seven two Sierra Papa, five miles southwest of the ABC VORTAC at five thousand, five hundred, inbound for Grand Junction to land with ATIS Kilo. What do you want (state your intentions or request).Where you are (what is you position and altitude).Who the controller is (identification of the controlling agency).I don't know about a formal structure, but ground to air and air to ground communications usually follow the 3-W or the 4-W rule.įor air to ground communication - use the 4-W rule: ![]()
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